Focus axr sd meter manual ppt Get instant access for focus axr sd meter manual ppt. Simply follow the link provided above and you can directly download focus axr sd meter manual ppt and save it to. Here, based on the article, are four ways it can be hacked via the smart meters that will be in businesses and people's homes. Attack Smart Meter.
The failure of Tesla's electricpower system is probably due to the fact that it contained noprovision to meter the users. Some utility companies do notuse meters, for example the Sacramento, California water utility,since they feel the added cost of the meters, reading the metersand additional billing complexity does not make economicsense. But for most applications metering the usage is thecommon practice.The motivation for making this page was the recent mail fromPacific Gas & Electric saying they would be installing a'smart meter' in the very near future.Note smart meters canbe applied to any metered utility such as: electricity, gas,water, liquid nitrogen, etc.There are different flavors of Automatic Meter Reading (Wiki ).Types of Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) Systems Walk ByIn the simplest 'walk by' system the meter can be queried by anearby reading radio. But this requires a meter reader toget close to the meter, but it's easier and faster than readingthe meter using your eyes and writing down the reading. Thereading is automatically recorded along with the meter IDinformation.
Magnet on electric meter to slow it down? I heard from someone if you put a magnet on a electric meter it will slow down your meter making your meter run slower. Is this actually true? If so, I understand it is considered meter tampering. Only If you get caught. I live in an apartment where you need to be buzzed in. Depending on your meter, you’ll see a loop of either six screens or five screens as it operates. The five-screen loop is described below; the more common six-screen loop is explained on the other side of this sheet. The first screen – marked with the number 1 – shows you the net amount of energy that has been delivered to your property.
Also some systems, like for water, recordhourly use rather than just the total. Note that the meterreader does not to remove the lid from the pit saving a lot oftime.
The meter only transmits the data after getting aquery from the meter reading radio. The transmitter in themeter is low power (100 milli watts?) since it only needs to coveron the order of about 50 feet.
902 to 928 MHz ISM bandMy water meter.Fixed NetworkA more capable system used a fixed network where the metercommunicates with the network so no meter reader is needed, butwhen a new meter is added it might get complicated if the networkis very heavily loaded. Repeaters are needed since there'sno central point where a single antenna can see all themeters. There are different protocols for this type ofsystem, in one the central computer will query each meter inturn. The transmitter in the meter has more power (1 Watt?)and is a spread spectrum type to minimize interference with othersystems. 902 to 928 MHz ISM bandMesh NetworkThe current hot technology is the mesh network.The idea is that each meter is a node in the mesh and receivessignals from nearby meters and relays them to other meters thatare closer to a collection point. This allows easily addingand removing nodes.
The problem in my case is that the metercan not hear or talk to the closest neighbor's meter so can notjoin any network. A meter reader comes once per month (hecame today) and reads the meter using the optical link with a beltmounted device. You'd think he would have an RF device thatwould allow reading the meter as he drove by in the street, butthat doesn't seem to be the case. 902 to 928 MHz ISMban. Might be my electric meter except I'm too far from theneighboring meters to form a mesh, so read manually just like theprior meter. ElectricAlso see:Analog Electric Meter - Single Stator Watt-hour Meter. Digital Electric Meter17 Dec 2013 -Got this email from PG&E today, in response tomy query to see why I could not see any on line indication thatthere was a smart meter here.'
We sincerely apologize; however, at this time yourmeter is not being read remotely. Pacific Gas and Electric Companywill establish a remote connection with your meter once theSmartMeter Network is in place. This usually takes 60 to 90 days.Keep your eyes open for communications from Pacific Gas andElectric Company that will help you take advantage of this newtechnology.'
I thought they would not install a Smartmeter if there was no wayfor it to communicate in the direction of downtown, but theydid. I'm guessing that once they've installed a bunch ofthem the next step will to make a connection diagram, i.e. Have acomputer in a vehicle drive around and query meters and see whatother meters they can talk to. This would be needed todetermine how many and where to install pole mounted units toallow all the meters in this area to communicate with the rest ofthe system.I'm guessing that the guy who used to read my meter manually nowcan just drive down the street and probably not even slow down toread the meter.meter reads: 1178. Last month usage was 652 kWh, butthat last couple of weeks has been the coldest in the past 20years.
There is snow on the ground that's over a week old,that's never happened before.Installed 16 Nov 2013 (Saturday). If I refused theinstallation there would be a one time charge like $50 and amonthly charge of $10.The SmartMeters have a wireless module, typically made by SilverSprings Networks ,that receives and transmits in both the:902 to 928 MHz ISM band (peak power out 1.5 to 2.5 Watts) and inthe (for meter to meter meshnetworks)2.40 to 2.45 GHz Wifi band (peak power out about 0.1 to 0.2Watts). (for the HAN mesh network)Note both these bands are in the Industrial, Scientific &Medical (ISM) frequency allocations.My guess is that the Wifi is to support both the Home Area Network.It's not clear which frequency my meter is using. As far asI can tell the meter transmits once each 15 minutes and with aduty cycle that's way below 1 percent so it's not an easy thing tocatch it transmitting.Installation by (see their web page for the hand held opticalinterface test set).If you know the name of the test set. It's something like TruGPSE0126 Dec 2013 - A technician came to confirm that the meter wasprovisioned correctly. He said they are doing that to somepercent of all Smartmeters that were installed, but it also may berelated to my asking PG&E why it wasn't working.It's possible that the WiFi radio is for ZigBee. Ifthat's the case it would be for the HAN.The technician who installed the smart meter had a hand holdabletest instrument on his tool belt.
It had two cylindricalprotrusions which I'm guessing are an ANSI C12.18 Type 2Optical Port. This my works with the two horizontal dots just below the lowerright corner of the LCD. The left (darker) is the IR LED andthe right (clear) one is the photo transistorOne IR LED pulse for each Kt (1.0 Wh in this case) in calibrationmode. Each pulse is about 25 ms wide.The PG&E My Energy page is not updated to show any SmartMeterdata until a full billing cycle after the installation (about 30days).Fig 1 Analog meter just after being removed.Total reading since house was built: 80215 kWhYear of construction about 1992 or about 3800 kWh per yearor about 300 kWh per month.The appearance of an analog electric meter is the same whenthe power is off and when the power is on if there is noload or a small load. That's to say if the disk ismoving very slowly it would be hard to tell if PG7E was onor off.Fig 2 Smart electric meter just after beinginstalledModel:Wireless: mfg date 09/13CL 200 - 200 Amps240 VAC3W - 3 WireANSI C12.10 Form No. FJ2STA30 - Test at 30 AmpsTest constant (Kt) 1.0 Watt hourFig 3 LCD1 Main kWh display cycles between:segment check: -88888 and thekWh total.'
RepeaterAlthough the smart electric meter was installed in Nov 2013,it was not until Jan 2015 that it worked. The problemwas the mesh network could not reach to the collectioncenter. To fix that PG&E installed a repeater on apower pole on a ridge line that has a very long line of sight.Since PG&E already has a center tapped 240 VACtransformer on the pole (120-0-120) they wired up the 120 VACpower to the repeater directly to the transformer.Green and white to the center tap and black to the right side120 VAC terminal.The local woodpeckers like this pole.Also see myweb page and.Electronic Wireless Meter ReadingThe meters have 2-way wireless connectivity.
It may beBlue-tooth (Wiki) if so the max range is on the order of 100 m (300feet). The idea is that the meters can use neighboring metersto form a mesh network and so in populated areas the communicationbetween meters and a node can cover a large area. At the nodethe communication is transferred to a cell phone network and fromthere to the P.G. Central office. In my case I'm inthe forest and I very much doubt there are any neighbors withinrange (in addition to the distance there's hills and trees).So I expect them to mount a lot of nodes on telephone poles inhope's of getting a cell phone signal (my cell phone only has 1 or 2bars inside by house).
It may be that the data is low speedand can be reliable at signal levels lower than would be needed fora voice connection.There are some who are worried about the radiation and it's effecton their health, but as far as I know there's data that says it'sharmless and no data that shows a problem.AccuracyThere was a CPUC investigation into the accuracy of the smart metersbased on radical increases in monthly bills. The meters turnout to be more accurate than the analog meters.
The rateincreases came from billing changes.Frequent ReadingThe meters are read once per hour.Orwell's Big BrotherBy monitoring your utility usage big brother can get some insight ifyou're home and if so you level of activity and even what thatactivity is. For example if you get up in the middle of thenight and open the refrigerator door someone can tell that's what'sgoing on.Internet access to usageI expect you will be able to go to a web page and see yourelectrical usage in the reading time interval step size.- 17 Nov 2013 (Sunday) setup 'My Energy'page with PG&E, but so far they are not showing any smart meterstuff.My Usage/ My Rates: 'We're in the process of collecting your usageand will provide you with a rate analysis as soon as we have 9months of billed SmartMeter usage.'
Energy HighlightsSelect 'My SmartMeter™' and view your Energy Highlights for quickfacts on your monthly energy usage, like what your next bill isprojected to be, and your average daily cost for energy.Hourly/Daily UsageSelect 'Usage' and view your Hourly/Daily usage to see your gasusage by the day or your electricity usage by the hour.Energy AlertsSelect 'My SmartMeter™' and sign up for Energy Alerts to receiveyour choice of a phone call, text message or e-mail letting youknow you're projected to move into Tier 3 or higher during yourbilling cycle. You'll also receive additional alerts if you moveinto Tier 4 or Tier 5.
Time of Day Billing Note 1The smart meters contain a digital clock that's set over the networkso can bill at different rates depending on the time of day.If you run an air conditioner at noon your bill is going to go wayup with Time of Day (Time of Use (TOU)) billing. Ispecifically asked about time of use billing and my smart meter doesNOT have it.Off Peak Load Control Note 1The idea is that you could load a smart washing machine and let P.G.& E. Turn it on when the load is light. In exchange youwould get a discount in the electric rate you pay.
For bigloads like an air conditioner the utility may make a freeinstallation of a smart switch to allow remote On-Off control.But for smaller loads it will be up to the resident to acquire asmart appliance.Peak Load Control Note 1If you agree to this option some appliances, like air conditioners,furnaces, clothes dryers, etc. Would have an Off function that couldbe activated when the system load is high. There would be somelimit on how long they could keep the appliance turned off.I've heard that some electric utilities have smart thermostats wherethe utility can change the set point temperature so saveenergy. In exchange the electricity used would be at a lowercost.House On-OffIf you didn't pay your bill they could just turn off your wholehouse.
When moving into a new house they could turn it onafter a phone conversation were you setup your account.Power Outage DetectionWhen there's a power outage P.G. Would notice at the nextscheduled reading of your meter. If that was many times anhour they would know right away, I've heard the meter reports every15 minutes.There have been a few power outages since the electric meter wasconnected to the mesh network, and in all cases the response timeseemed to be faster than with the old phone in system.
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I'm sure theyknow which houses are out and that tells them the most likelylocation of the problem.Power Outage MappingOnce they know there's an outage at some address I'm sure they willhave a search procedure where they will query nearby houses based onthe wiring of the grid, location of fuses, etc. And willquickly know the exact location of the problem. This willallow dispatching a repair crew instead of sending out a scout tofind the problem.Prevent Energy TheftI'm guessing that this is about messing with an analog electricmeter by using a strong magnet. The smart meter does not usemagnetic fields like the analog meter and so is immune to this hack.Home Area Network (HAN) (Wiki)The idea is to have various appliances connected to a networkincluding the smart utility meters so that they can be turned onremotely in such a way as to use energy when it's not in demand.This network will not be a normal home WiFi type network becauseeach appliance needs it's own URL and there are not enough ofthem.
But it can operate using WiFi protocol.Utility Inter-tieThe analog meter will run backwards if you are putting power backinto the grid. This was not a recommended practice by P.G.& E., they wanted you to have a separate meter just for thatpurpose. It may be that the smart meters are designed toautomatically accommodate feeding power into the grid. The mostcommon system is a solar panel array that drives a special loadcontroller combined with the utility inter-tie AC inverter. Abig advantage of this type of system is that it's does not need abank of batteries that have limited life and are expensive.I asked if my new smart meter would work with by utility intertiephotovoltaic system and the answer was that I would need to order aspecial meter that could meter returned energy. But since mysystem can not overcome my use there's no need for a meter that canmeasure power going into the grid.Note1 - For residential customers as of July 2011, you have theoption to agree to time of day billing. But you can see thatlarge commercial and industrial customers have no choice except tobe on Time of Day billing.
'Beginning on May 1, 2010, largecommercial and industrial customers will be placed on new Peak DayPricing rates. Customers on these rates will pay differentprices for electricity depending on the time of day. On the fewhottest days of the year, prices for electricity used between 2p.m. Will increase further. However, PG&E willnotify customers about these peak days one day in advance, socustomers can plan accordingly. Beginning on November 1, 2011,medium and small commercial and industrial customers will beginmoving to new Peak Day Pricing rates.Residential customers may elect to enroll in PG&E’s SmartRate program, which is designed to encourage customers to reducetheir electricity usage at during peak periods.Participants in Smart Rate may also elect a bill protectionoption for the first full summer of participation.' Smart Gas Meterdoes networking and smart meter readers.Meter in downtown Ukiah on retail building.You can see that it's a applique that's been added betweenthe body and analog readout rather than a whole new meter.Water A friend's meter.This is a Badger-Meter, Recordall Transmitter Register Model 25for 5/8' or 3/4' lines.
Reads in Gallons. Thetransmitter is marked Orion.Note: there are 4 digits with white background and 3 digits withblack background. The rightmost digit is the 10 gallontest circle so does not move.That leaves 4 + 2 = 6 digits that are live meaning the maximumreading is 9,999,999 or 10 million gallons.The ideal location for the Orion RF (902 -915 MHz ISM )transmitter would be in the lid of the utility box ratherthan below it for better transmit range.alsomakes an that might work with this meter.That would be great for detecting leaks.
But thatmight require repositioning the Orion transmitter so astronger signal could get to the house? It turns outthat the In Home Display only works if the utility companyis using a Wi-Fi network to read the meters (i.e. Ifthere's a Wi-Fi signal to feed to In Home Display.But Millview Water has not installed the smart meters withthe antennas above ground and has not built in relayinfrastructure needed, the meter reader still needs to getwithin a few yards of the meter in order for his laptop toget the wireless signal.).The meter uses a piezo spark generator to send a highvoltage pulse to the Orion transmitter.
I heard from someone if you put a magnet on a electric meter it will slow down your meter making your meter run slower. Is this actually true? If so, I understand it is considered meter tampering. Only If you get caught. I live in an apartment where you need to be buzzed in. It is very difficult for them to come read our meters because they are in the basement. Would this be possible for me?
I have electric heat, and its just too crazy expensive in the winter especially since the triple the price during that time.
Worried about the security of the Smart Grid? You should be. Security researchers warn that the Smart Grid could become a hacker's playground. As proof, here are four ways the Smart Grid can be hacked.
Technology Review has an excellent article outlining ways in which the Smart Grid is vulnerable. Here, based on the article, are four ways it can be hacked via the smart meters that will be in businesses and people's homes.
Attack Smart Meter RAM
The article says that security researcher Travis Goodspeed warns that attackers will be able to hack directly into smart meter RAM, and by doing that, get free reign. It sounds a little James Bond-ish, but here's how the articles claims says it can be done:
If the meter hasn't been built with protective features, a hacker can use syringes to insert a needle into each side of the device's memory chip. The needle serves as a probe to intercept the electrical signals in the memory chip. By analyzing these signals, the hacker can deduce the device's programming. Even if the meter includes security features, he says, it may be possible to extract the information using customized tools.
Hack the Meter's Digital radio
Godspeed says a similar technique to RAM-hacking can be used to get command of the smart meter's radio, and from there, launch attacks on the grid itself. Here's what the the article says:
The smart meter's two-way radio chip allows the device to be read remotely and to receive commands over the network. The software in the chip contains security codes that an attacker who's cracked the meter's programming can use to get on the network and begin issuing commands. Goodspeed has shown that the codes can be extracted using syringes in a process similar to the attack on the memory.
Hack the Meter Wirelessly
The article says that David Baker, director of services for security firm IOActive, warns that hackers can get into the meter via its wireless networking device for communicating with the network:
An attacker can use a software radio, which can be programmed to emulate a variety of communications devices, to listen in on wireless communications with the network and deduce over time how to communicate with the meters. Another method, Baker says, is to attack the hardware. An attacker could steal a meter from the side of a house and reverse-engineer it. This method, he says, while inexpensive, does require a good knowledge of integrated circuits.
Spread Malware Throughout the Network
Baker says that once someone has gotten access to a smart meter's programming, he could easily launch a worm or other malware to attack the network itself, other smart meters, and other devices attached to the grid. In fact, Baker has already demonstrated that it can be done, the article says:
To demonstrate his attack, Davis crafted a piece of malware that could self-replicate to other meters, allowing an attacker to shut them down remotely. In simulations, Davis showed that if his worm were released in an area where all the houses were equipped with the same brand of meter, the worm could spread to 15,000 homes in the space of 24 hours.
Photo CC-licensed by Flickr user HVargas.
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